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Quick-reference definitions of essential education terms — from formative assessment to standards-based grading.
Low-stakes checks for understanding used during instruction to adjust teaching in real time.
End-of-unit or end-of-course assessments that measure cumulative learning against standards.
A federally mandated plan for any K-12 student receiving special-education services, defining goals, accommodations, and services.
A plan providing accommodations to students with a disability that substantially limits a major life activity, under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
A hierarchy of cognitive complexity used to design questions and learning objectives, from Remember to Create.
Norman Webb's framework classifying tasks by cognitive demand: Recall (1), Skill/Concept (2), Strategic Thinking (3), Extended Thinking (4).
Temporary supports that help students perform tasks they couldn't yet complete independently, gradually removed as they gain mastery.
Adjusting content, process, product, or learning environment to meet diverse student needs in the same classroom.
An instructional design framework (Wiggins & McTighe) that starts with desired learning outcomes and works backward to assessments and lessons.
K-12 academic standards in Math and ELA adopted by 41 states and DC, defining what students should know at each grade level.
A grading practice that reports student mastery of specific standards rather than averaging assignment scores.
K-12 science standards adopted by 20+ states, organized around three dimensions: practices, crosscutting concepts, and disciplinary core ideas.